ANÁLISE DE REDES DE CITAÇÕES DE PATENTES DE TECNOLOGIAS DE PERFURAÇÃO

Abstract

Drilling is, indeed, one of the most important activities already developed by humans. By means of drilling activities, it is possible to obtain elements that have been, for years, the basis of modern society, such as iron, oil and gas, precious metals, gemstones and others. Drilling operations are essential for almost all activities involving mineral extraction. Mainly in the case of oil and gas production and mining, drilling becomes indispensable.The technologies and drilling methods of today vary in terms of simplicity and cost since hand tools, moved by human effort until sophisticated equipments that perform extremely complex and high-risk operations, such as the oil and gas exploration. The aim of this work is by means of an analysis of social networks(ARS), identify the institutions and the categories of institutions that could be considered the most important in the scenario of development of drilling technology since 2000.To achieve the proposed goal, it were built and analyzed two social networks from patent applications published on Derwent basis between 2000 and 2014. The first was a patent citation network, which considered each patent individually as an actor of the network and the citations between the applications as the ties between them. The second network is a network of patent assignee, in which each company were considered a player and the relationship between them occurs when an application of one player cites the application of other.Data were acquired through the patent search and analysis software Thomson Innovation, owned by Thomson Reuters company. For the data collection, it was used the international patent classifications (IPC) E21B 1/00, E21B 3/00, E21B 4 / 00 and E21B 6/00 as well as their subclassifications, all of them related to drilling technology. The institutions were divided into 7 categories, from which it was identified the category considered most important in this scenario.Operações de perfuração são essenciais para quase todas as atividades que envolvem o extrativismo mineral. Tais operações são indispensáveis para o setor de Mineração e Extração de Petróleo e Gás. As tecnologias e métodos de perfuração na atualidade variam em termos de simplicidade e de custo, desde ferramentas manuais movidas por meio do esforço humano, até equipamentos sofisticados que desempenham operações extremamente complexas e de alto risco. O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar as instituições e as categorias de instituições mais relevantes no desenvolvimento de tecnologias de perfuração por meio da análise de redes sociais. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foram construídas e analisadas duas redes com base em pedidos de patente publicados na base Derwent, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014: uma rede de citações de patente e uma rede de depositantes de patente. Os dados foram adquiridos por meio do software de busca e análise de patentes Thomson Innovation, de propriedade da empresa Thomson Reuters, sendo que para a coleta de dados usaram-se as classificações internacionais E21B 1/00, E21B 3/00, E21B 4/00 e E21B 6/00, bem como suas subclassificações, todas referentes a tecnologias de perfuração. As instituições estudadas foram divididas em 7 categorias, a partir das quais se identificou a categoria considerada mais importante neste cenário. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que as companhias provedoras de serviço de óleo e gás são as mais importantes nesse campo de desenvolvimento tecnológico, possuindo um papel destacado na geração e difusão dessa tecnologia.